Edge Avoiding Robot using IR Sensor

The Edge Avoiding Robot is an autonomous robotic vehicle designed to detect and avoid edges while following a predefined path. It is ideal for robotics enthusiasts, students, and beginners interested in learning about sensor-based navigation and motor control. The robot utilizes Infrared (IR) sensors to detect surface edges, ensuring it does not fall off a table or platform.

How It Works
The robot is equipped with IR sensors that continuously monitor the surface beneath it. When an IR sensor detects an edge (such as the end of a table), it sends a signal to the microcontroller (or directly to the motor driver), instructing the robot to change direction and avoid falling. The L293D motor driver is used to control the DC motors, allowing for smooth forward, backward, and turning movements.

Key Features
✅ Edge Detection Using IR Sensors – Prevents the robot from falling off edges
✅ Efficient Power Management – Runs on a 3.7V 2200mAh 18650 lithium-ion battery
✅ Safe Recharging – Uses a TP4056 charging module for battery protection
✅ Motor Control – L293D motor driver ensures smooth and precise movement
✅ Easy Power Control – Equipped with a switch for convenient ON/OFF operation
✅ Beginner-Friendly – Ideal for students and hobbyists exploring robotics

Components Used
IR Sensors (2 or more) – Detects edges and sends signals to the motor driver
L293D Motor Driver Module – Controls the movement of DC motors
DC Motors (2x) – Provides forward and turning motion
18650 Lithium-Ion Battery (3.7V, 2200mAh) – Powers the entire system
TP4056 Charging Module – Ensures safe charging and protection of the battery
Switch – Turns the robot ON/OFF easily
Chassis with Wheels – Provides structural support and movement
Working Principle
IR Sensors Detection: The IR sensors continuously scan the surface. If both sensors detect a solid surface, the robot moves forward.
Edge Sensing & Avoidance: When one or both sensors detect an edge (absence of a surface), the robot stops and moves in the opposite direction to avoid falling.
Motor Control via L293D: The motor driver receives signals from the sensors and changes the motion of the DC motors accordingly.
Battery-Powered Operation: The 18650 lithium-ion battery supplies power to the entire system, and the TP4056 module ensures safe recharging.