Line Follower Robot using IR Sensor

This line-following robot is an intelligent autonomous vehicle designed to follow a predefined path using IR sensors. The robot operates on a 3.7V 2200mAh 18650 lithium-ion battery, ensuring long-lasting performance. It features an L293D motor driver to control the DC motors, enabling precise movement based on sensor input. The TP4056 battery charging module provides safe and efficient battery management. A switch is included for easy power control.

This robot is perfect for STEM learning, robotics projects, and automation experiments.

Required Components:
IR Sensors (2 or more) – Detects the black/white line on the surface.
L293D Motor Driver Module – Controls the movement of the DC motors.
3.7V 2200mAh 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery – Provides power to the robot.
TP4056 Battery Charging Module – Ensures safe battery charging.
Switch – Turns the robot ON/OFF.
DC Motors (2) – Drives the wheels of the robot.
Wheels & Chassis – Forms the body of the robot.
Jumper Wires & Connectors – For wiring connections.
Arduino/ESP32/Nano (Optional) – If microcontroller-based logic is required.
Working Principle:
The IR sensors continuously scan the surface to detect the black or white line.
Based on the sensor readings, signals are sent to the L293D motor driver.
The motor driver activates the DC motors to adjust the direction accordingly.
If the robot moves off the line, it corrects its path using sensor feedback.
The 3.7V lithium-ion battery supplies power to the system.
The TP4056 charging module ensures safe battery charging and management.
A switch is used to easily turn the robot ON or OFF.
This efficient and compact line-following robot is a great project for robotics enthusiasts, students, and hobbyists!